Lesser Spearwort

Description

Lesser spearwort (Ranunculus flammula), also known as greater creeping spearwort or banewort, is a British native marginal plant belonging to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It is commonly found in peat bogs, wet meadows, marshy ground, river banks, and along lake edges across Britain and Ireland.

This low-growing perennial typically reaches 10–50cm in height and spreads by creeping stems that root at the nodes, allowing it to form loose mats in damp conditions. Flowering from May to June, it produces small, bright yellow flowers that provide nectar for insects such as bees and flies.

Lesser spearwort plays an important role in wetland ecosystems, offering shelter and food for invertebrates and other small wildlife. Although it contains toxic compounds that can irritate skin and mucous membranes, it remains a common and valuable native species in suitable habitats.

How to Identify

Lesser spearwort has slender, creeping stems that trail along wet ground and root where they touch the soil. The spear-shaped leaves are narrow, lance-shaped, and glossy green.

Its flowers are small and yellow, measuring around 1–1.5cm across, with a classic buttercup appearance. The plant’s low, spreading habit and preference for very wet ground help distinguish it from other buttercups found in drier habitats.

How to Grow

Lesser spearwort thrives in consistently wet or waterlogged soil and can be grown in shallow water, wet pond margins, bog gardens, or damp meadows. It prefers full sun to partial shade and is well-suited to naturalistic or wildlife-focused planting schemes.

Once established, it spreads readily through creeping stems and self-seeding, requiring very little maintenance. It is best used where space allows for natural spread and where soils remain moist throughout the year.